Optical distance measurement

Time-of-flight measurement (LiDAR): Method of choice

Various methods such as photogrammetry, triangulation, holography or time-of-flight measurements have become established for the optical 3D measurement of objects in space.

The distance measurement by means of time-of-flight measurement of laser light (LiDAR, light detection and ranging) is the method we use most frequently. In the range of a few centimeters up to several hundred meters it is the method of choice when high accuracy and measuring speed have to be achieved even under difficult and changing environmental conditions. To measure distances, light is emitted and reflected by the object. The distance between the measuring device and the target object can be determined on the basis of the speed of light and the measured time-of-flight of the light from the light source (emitter) to the object and back to the detector.

The light, in our case always laser light, is modulated in its intensity. We use both pulsed time-of-flight and phase shift measurement methods, which complement each other well in their strengths and weaknesses.

Laser Scanning Principle
© Fraunhofer IPM
A laser beam is deflected by a rotating mirror, thus measuring a complete profile. As the measurement platform moves forward, for example on a vehicle, a measuring helix is created that maps the 3D profile of the environment.
Pulse time-of-flight measurement
© Fraunhofer IPM
The pulsed time-of-flight method allows measurements over large distances. Thanks to a strong signal, objects positioned behind other objects can be detected.
Phase shift measurement
© Fraunhofer IPM
The phase delay method provides high measurement accuracy in the submillimeter range.

Pulsed time-of-flight measurement

The pulsed time-of-flight (ToF) method delivers a strong signal and allows the detection of several objects positioned behind each other (multi-echo). For example, measurements can be taken through vegetation or fog. The measurement rates are in the megahertz range and the distance resolution in the millimeter range. The measurement range extends to several hundred meters.

Phase shift measurement

In contrast to the pulsed time-of-flight method, the phase shift method delivers very high measurement accuracies in the millimeter or even submillimeter range. Measurement frequencies of up to several megahertz at measurement distances of under one hundred meters are possible. However, only one object can be detected.

Eye-safe, independent of lighting conditions, scanning

Both measurement methods can be implemented eye-safe with laser class 1 and are completely independent of lighting conditions. This means that measurements can also be taken at night, in situations where camera systems reach their limits, for example.

By deflecting the laser beam via a rotating mirror, not only a point but also an entire profile can be measured. This is the principle of a laser scanner.

Which method is best suited depends on the specific application. We will be happy to advise you and supply you with a tailor-made system for your application.

Applications »Optical distance measurement«

 

Railway infrastructure

Our systems are in use worldwide for monitoring the condition of rail infrastructure.

 

Road infrastructure

Our systems measure road surfaces and surroundings as well as the condition of tunnels.